(编辑:jimmy 日期: 2024/12/25 浏览:2)
Python 的 Queue 模块中提供了同步的、线程安全的队列类,包括FIFO(先入先出)队列Queue,LIFO(后入先出)队列LifoQueue,和优先级队列 PriorityQueue。
这些队列都实现了锁原语,能够在多线程中直接使用,可以使用队列来实现线程间的同步。
模块中的常用方法如下:
#!/usr/bin/python3 import queue import threading import time exitFlag = 0 class myThread (threading.Thread): def __init__(self, threadID, name, q): threading.Thread.__init__(self) self.threadID = threadID self.name = name self.q = q def run(self): print ("开启线程:" + self.name) process_data(self.name, self.q) print ("退出线程:" + self.name) def process_data(threadName, q): while not exitFlag: queueLock.acquire() if not workQueue.empty(): data = q.get() queueLock.release() print ("%s processing %s" % (threadName, data)) else: queueLock.release() time.sleep(1) threadList = ["Thread-1", "Thread-2", "Thread-3"] nameList = ["One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five"] queueLock = threading.Lock() workQueue = queue.Queue(10) threads = [] threadID = 1 # 创建新线程 for tName in threadList: thread = myThread(threadID, tName, workQueue) thread.start() threads.append(thread) threadID += 1 # 填充队列 queueLock.acquire() for word in nameList: workQueue.put(word) queueLock.release() # 等待队列清空 while not workQueue.empty(): pass # 通知线程是时候退出 exitFlag = 1 # 等待所有线程完成 for t in threads: t.join() print ("退出主线程")
知识点扩展:
问题
怎样实现一个按优先级排序的队列? 并且在这个队列上面每次 pop 操作总是返回优先级最高的那个元素
解决方案
下面的类利用 heapq 模块实现了一个简单的优先级队列:
import heapq class PriorityQueue: def __init__(self): self._queue = [] self._index = 0 def push(self, item, priority): heapq.heappush(self._queue, (-priority, self._index, item)) self._index += 1 def pop(self): return heapq.heappop(self._queue)[-1]
下面是它的使用方式:
> class Item: ... def __init__(self, name): ... self.name = name ... def __repr__(self): ... return 'Item({!r})'.format(self.name) ... > q = PriorityQueue() > q.push(Item('foo'), 1) > q.push(Item('bar'), 5) > q.push(Item('spam'), 4) > q.push(Item('grok'), 1) > q.pop() Item('bar') > q.pop() Item('spam') > q.pop() Item('foo') > q.pop() Item('grok') >