ruby元编程之创建自己的动态方法

method_missing是Ruby元编程（metaprogramming）常用的手法。基本思想是通过实现调用不存在的方法，以便进行回调。典型的例子是：ActiveRecord的动态查找（dynamic finder）。例如：我们有email属性那么就可以调用User.find_by_email('joe@example.com')，虽然， ActiveRecord::Base并没有一个叫做find_by_email的方法。

respond_to"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
class Legislator
  #假设这是一个真实的实现
  def find(conditions = {})
  end
 
  #在本身定义毕竟这是他的方法
  def self.method_missing(method_sym, *arguments, &block)
    # the first argument is a Symbol, so you need to_s it if you want to pattern match
    if method_sym.to_s =~ /^find_by_(.*)$/
      find($1.to_sym => arguments.first)
    else
      super
    end
  end
end

那么这个时候调用

复制代码 代码如下:
Legislator.respond_to"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
class Legislator
  # 省略
 
  # It's important to know Object defines respond_to to take two parameters: the method to check, and whether to include private methods
  # http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/classes/Object.html#M000333
  def self.respond_to"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
class LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch
  attr_accessor :attribute
  def initialize(method_sym)
    if method_sym.to_s =~ /^find_by_(.*)$/
      @attribute = $1.to_sym
    end
  end
 
  def match"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
class Legislator   
  def self.method_missing(method_sym, *arguments, &block)
    match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(method_sym)
    if match.match"codetitle">复制代码 代码如下:
describe LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch do
  describe 'find_by_first_name' do
    before do
      @match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch.new(:find_by_first_name)
    end
     
    it 'should have attribute :first_name' do
      @match.attribute.should == :first_name
    end
   
    it 'should be a match' do
      @match.should be_a_match
    end
  end
 
  describe 'zomg' do
    before do
      @match = LegislatorDynamicFinderMatch(:zomg)
    end
   
    it 'should have nil attribute' do
      @match.attribute.should be_nil
    end
   
    it 'should not be a match' do
      @match.should_not be_a_match
    end
  end
end

下面是 RSpec 例子:

复制代码 代码如下:
describe Legislator, 'dynamic find_by_first_name' do 
  it 'should call find(:first_name => first_name)' do 
    Legislator.should_receive(:find).with(:first_name => 'John') 
     
    Legislator.find_by_first_name('John') 
  end 
end