nginx里的rewrite跳转的实现

(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/12/22 浏览：2)

一. 新旧域名跳转

作用场景:基于域名的跳转，现在公司旧域名：www.peihua.com

有业务需求要变更，需要使用新域名www.zhenguo.com代替，但是旧域名不能废除。需要跳转到新域名上，而且后面的参数保持不变

配置dns，分别配置www.peihua.com(old)和www.zhenguo.com(new)解析

rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm

(必须要有官方源才能yum安装nginx)

yum install nginx -y
rpm -qc nginx    //查找配置文件

修改nginx的配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.peihua.com;                            #域名修改

#charset koi8-r;
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;        #日志修改

location / {
    #域名重定向
    if ($host = 'www.peihua.com') {
 rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.zhenguo.com/$1 permanent;
    }
    root  /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html index.htm;
  }

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart nginx

配置域名解析

yum -y install bind

#修改主配置文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/named.conf
options {
    listen-on port 53 { any; };      //修改成any
    listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
    directory    "/var/named";
    dump-file    "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
    statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
    memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
    recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
    secroots-file  "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
    allow-query   { any; };       //修改成any

#修改区域配置文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 
zone "peihua.com" IN {
    type master;
    file "peihua.com.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

zone "zhenguo.com" IN {
    type master;
    file "zhenguo.com.zone";
    allow-update { none; };
};

#修改区域数据文件
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /var/named/
[root@localhost named]# cp -p named.localhost peihua.com.zone
[root@localhost named]# cp -p peihua.com.zone zhenguo.com.zone

[root@localhost named]# systemctl start named

浏览器测试

浏览器输入模拟访问 http://www.peihua.com/test/1/index.php(虽然这个请求内容) 是不存在的）跳转到
http://www.zhneguo.com/test/1/index.php,从headers 里面可以看到301，实现了永久跳转，而且域名后的参数也正常跳转。

二. 基于IP访问跳转

作用场景：基于客户端IP访问跳转，例如今天公司业务版本上线，所有IP 访问任何内容都显示一个固定维护页面，只有公司IP：12.0.0.100访问正常

修改nginx配置文件

[root@localhost html]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.peihua.com;

 #charset koi8-r;
  charset 'utf-8';                                      //识别中文字符
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;
  #设置是否合法的IP标志
  set $rewrite ture;
  #判断是否为合法IP
  if ($remote_addr = "12.0.0.100") {
 set $rewrite false;
 }
 #非法IP进行判断打上标记
 if ($rewrite = ture) {
 rewrite (.+) /maintenance.html;
 }
 #匹配标记进行跳转站点
 location = /maintenance.html {
 root /usr/share/nginx/html;
 }

给maintenance.html添加自定义页面内容

[root@localhost html]# cat /usr/share/nginx/html/maintenance.html 
<h1>网站正在维护</h1>

浏览器测试

使用ip地址为12.0.0.100 进行访问http://www.peihua.com,可以正常访问
使用IP地址为12.0.0.99进行访问http://www.peihua.com,显示维护页面

三. 基于旧域名跳转到新域名后面加目录

作用场景：基于旧域名跳转到新域名后面加目录，例如现在访问的是http://bbs.peihua.com.
现在需要将这个域名下面的发帖都跳转到http://www.peihua.com/bbs,注意保持域名跳转后的参数不变

修改nginx配置文件

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

  listen    80;
  server_name bbs.peihua.com;
  #charset koi8-r;
  charset 'utf-8';
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;
  location /post {
       rewrite (.+) http://www.peihua.com/bbs$1 permanent;
  }

注意：accp.com.zone 需要更改主机域名解析，把www改成 bbs

[root@localhost named]# cd /var/named
[root@localhost named]# vim peihua.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@    IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
                    0    ; serial
                    1D   ; refresh
                    1H   ; retry
                    1W   ; expire
                    3H )  ; minimum
    NS   @
    A    127.0.0.1
bbs IN A    12.0.0.25

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart nginx

浏览器访问

浏览器访问 http://bbs.peihua.com/post/a.html,被跳转称为www.peihua.com/bbs/post/a.txt

四. 基于参数匹配的跳转

作用场景：基于参数匹配的跳转，例如现在访问 http://www.peihua.com/100-(100 | 200)-100.html
跳转到http://www.peihua.com页面

修改nginx配置文件

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.peihua.com;
  
  #charset koi8-r;
  charset 'utf-8';
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;
  
  if ($request_uri ~ ^/100-(100|200)-(\d+).html$) {
     rewrite (.*) http://www.peihua.com permanent;
  }

注意：\d匹配一个数字，0~9之间

修改会dns,把bbs改成www

[root@localhost named]# vim peihua.com.zone 
$TTL 1D
@    IN SOA @ rname.invalid. (
                    0    ; serial
                    1D   ; refresh
                    1H   ; retry
                    1W   ; expire
                    3H )  ; minimum
    NS   @
    A    127.0.0.1
www IN A    12.0.0.25

[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart named
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart nginx

浏览器测试

浏览器访问 http://www.peihua.com/100-200-26.html,被跳转称为 www.peihua.com首页

五. 基于所有以php结尾及基于某一个页面的跳转

修改nginx配置文件

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

server {
  listen    80;
  
  server_name www.peihua.com;
  #charset koi8-r;
  charset 'utf-8';
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;
  location ~* /upload/.*\.php$ {
    rewrite (.+) http://www.peihua.com permanent;
  }


[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart nginx

浏览器访问

浏览器访问 http://www.peihua.com/upload/a.php,被跳转称为 www.peihua.com

六. 基于具体的某一个页面进行跳转/abc/123.html

修改nginx配置文件

[root@localhost named]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf 

server {
  listen    80;
  server_name www.peihua.com;

  #charset koi8-r;
  charset 'utf-8';
  access_log /var/log/nginx/peihua.com-access.log main;

  location ~* ^/abc/123.html {
    rewrite (.+) http://www.peihua.com permanent;
  }
  
[root@localhost named]# systemctl restart nginx

浏览器访问

浏览器访问 http://www.peihua.com/abc/123.html,被跳转称为 www.peihua.com

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nginx里的rewrite跳转的实现

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