CSS3实现类似翻书效果的过渡动画的示例代码
(编辑：jimmy 日期: 2024/11/10 浏览：2)
在VUE实战项目的中有一个加载推荐书籍的过渡动画，在项目中是使用JS实现。
当时看视频大概一个小时作用，拆分动画逻辑，写代码更是耗时。后来自己想着能不能用CSS动画直接写出来，折腾了半天，终于算是实现了。
可以查看加载动画地址
/*首先是DOM结构，不能像js一样分左右两边，正面翻为反面还要改变z-index，按照同样的布局也尝试过，没有用CSS动画写出来，逻辑太复杂。
这是一个类似翻书一样的动画效果，想着结构分为一页一页，一页旋转180°，完成时再改变“这一页”的z-index。每个page类的before伪类为正面，after伪类为反面；分解5页的在每一秒的动画，写出各自的animation。
*/
<div class="card">
<div class="page"></div>
<div class="page"></div>
<div class="page"></div>
<div class="page"></div>
<div class="page"></div>
</div>
.card{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
opacity: 0;
position: relative;
animation: .5s all;
}
.card .page{
width: 50%;
height: 100%;
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
top: 0;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
transform-origin: left;
}
.card .page::before, .card .page::after{
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
border-radius: 0px 50px 50px 0px;
}
.card .page::after{
border-radius: 50px 0px 0px 50px;
}
.card .page:nth-child(1){
animation: animation1 2s linear infinite;
}
.card .page:nth-child(2){
animation: animation2 2s linear infinite;
}
.card .page:nth-child(3){
animation: animation3 2s linear infinite;
}
.card .page:nth-child(4){
animation: animation4 2s linear infinite;
}
.card .page:nth-child(5){
animation: animation5 2s linear infinite;
}
.card .page:nth-child(1)::before{
background: aqua url("./images/star-right.png") center left/50% 50% no-repeat;
}
.card .page:nth-child(1)::after{
background: hotpink url("./images/compass-left.png") center right/50% 50% no-repeat;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.card .page:nth-child(2)::before{
background: hotpink url("./images/compass-right.png") center left/50% 50% no-repeat;
}
.card .page:nth-child(2)::after{
background: coral url("./images/crown-left.png") center right/50% 50% no-repeat;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.card .page:nth-child(3)::before{
background: coral url("./images/crown-right.png") center left/50% 50% no-repeat;
}
.card .page:nth-child(3)::after{
background: cyan url("./images/gift-left.png") center right/50% 50% no-repeat;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.card .page:nth-child(4)::before{
background: cyan url("./images/gift-right.png") center left/50% 50% no-repeat;
}
.card .page:nth-child(4)::after{
background: yellowgreen url("./images/heart-left.png") center right/50% 50% no-repeat;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
.card .page:nth-child(5)::before{
background: yellowgreen url("./images/heart-right.png") center left/50% 50% no-repeat;
}
.card .page:nth-child(5)::after{
background: aqua url("./images/star-left.png") center right/50% 50% no-repeat;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
@keyframes animation1 {
0%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
20%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
40%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
60%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
60.0001%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
80%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
100%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
}
@keyframes animation2 {
0%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
20%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
40%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
60%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
80%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
100%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
}
@keyframes animation3 {
0%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
20%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
40%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
60%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
80%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
100%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
}
@keyframes animation4 {
0%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
20%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
40%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
60%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
80%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
100%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(360deg);
}
}
@keyframes animation5 {
0%{
z-index: 2;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
20%{
z-index: 3;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
40%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
60%{
z-index: 5;
transform: rotateY(0deg);
}
80%{
z-index: 4;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
100%{
z-index: 1;
transform: rotateY(180deg);
}
}
再贴出JS实现：
<div class="flap-card" v-for="(item, index) in flapCardList" :key="index" :style="{zIndex: item.zIndex}">
<div class="flap-card-circle">
<div class="flap-card-semi-circle flap-card-semi-circle-left" :style="semiCircleStyle(item, 'left')"
ref="left"></div>
<div class="flap-card-semi-circle flap-card-semi-circle-right" :style="semiCircleStyle(item, 'right')"
ref="right"></div>
</div>
</div>
data() {
return {
front: 0,
back: 1,
}
},
methods: {
// flapCardList是存储着图片信息的对象数组，通过v-for循环和semiCircleStyle方法设置5组图片的背景。
semiCircleStyle(item, dir) {
return {
backgroundColor: `rgb(${item.r}, ${item.g}, ${item.b})`,
backgroundSize: item.backgroundSize,
backgroundImage: dir === 'left' ? item.imgLeft : item.imgRight
}
},
rotate(index, type) {
//卡牌翻转，"front"选择右边卡片，否则选择左边卡片；然后改变dom元素的样式
const item = this.flapCardList[index]
let dom
if (type === 'front') {
dom = this.$refs.right[index]
} else {
dom = this.$refs.left[index]
}
dom.style.transform = `rotateY(${item.rotateDegree}deg)`
dom.style.backgroundColor = `rgb(${item.r}, ${item._g}, ${item.b})`
},
flapCardRotate() {
//首先是翻转函数，每次翻转分正反两面。当动画至90°时，改变背面的z-index值，每一帧动画完毕执行rotate函数以改变样式。
const frontFlapCard = this.flapCardList[this.front]
const backFlapCard = this.flapCardList[this.back]
frontFlapCard.rotateDegree += 10
frontFlapCard._g -= 5
backFlapCard.rotateDegree -= 10
if (backFlapCard.rotateDegree < 90) {
backFlapCard._g += 5
}
if (frontFlapCard.rotateDegree === 90 && backFlapCard.rotateDegree === 90) {
backFlapCard.zIndex += 2
}
this.rotate(this.front, 'front')
this.rotate(this.back, 'back')
if (frontFlapCard.rotateDegree === 180 && backFlapCard.rotateDegree === 0) {
this.next()
}
},
prepare() {
const backFlapCard = this.flapCardList[this.back]
backFlapCard.rotateDegree = 180
backFlapCard._g = backFlapCard.g - 5 * 9
this.rotate(this.back, 'back')
},
next() {
const frontFlapCard = this.flapCardList[this.front]
const backFlapCard = this.flapCardList[this.back]
frontFlapCard.rotateDegree = 0
backFlapCard.rotateDegree = 0
frontFlapCard._g = frontFlapCard.g
backFlapCard._g = backFlapCard.g
this.rotate(this.front, 'front')
this.rotate(this.back, 'back')
this.front++
this.back++
const len = this.flapCardList.length
if (this.front >= len) {
this.front = 0
}
if (this.back >= len) {
this.back = 0
}
// 动态设置zIndex
// 100 -> 96
// 99 -> 100
// 98 -> 99
// 97 -> 98
// 96 -> 97
// (0 - 1 + 5) % 5 = 4
// (1 - 1 + 5) % 5 = 0
this.flapCardList.forEach((item, index) => {
item.zIndex = 100 - ((index - this.front + len) % len)
})
this.prepare()
},
startFlapCardAnimation() {
this.prepare()
this.task = setInterval(() => {
this.flapCardRotate()
}, this.intervalTime)
},
stopAnimation() {
//动画停止时，清除所有setTimeout；否则再次进入动画出现错误。
if (this.task) {
clearInterval(this.task)
}
if (this.timeout) {
clearTimeout(this.timeout)
}
if (this.timeout2) {
clearTimeout(this.timeout2)
}
this.reset()
},
runAnimation() {
//点击推荐，则动画开始（vuex中定义了flapCardVisible，watch监听其变化，为TRUE则动画开始）
this.runFlapCardAnimation = true
this.timeout = setTimeout(() => {
this.startFlapCardAnimation()
this.startPointAnimation()
}, 300)
this.timeout2 = setTimeout(() => {
this.stopAnimation()
//2500ms过渡动画结束，推荐图书显示
this.runBookCardAnimation = true
}, 2500)
},
watch: {
flapCardVisible(v) {
if (v) {
this.runAnimation()
}
}
},
}
写在最后：初次写CSS动画的总结，而且感觉自己的实现并不是很好，应该有更简单些的实现方法。从DOM结构设计，到动画过程分析还欠缺很多。并且一个动画如此费时，在实际项目中应该得不偿失。还是需要大量的练习，经常练手才可熟能生巧。
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